\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[style=apa,natbib=true]{biblatex}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\newcommand\blfootnote[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \renewcommand\thefootnote{}\footnote{#1}%
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}
\usetheme{Madrid}

\bibliography{Supporting/FinalThesis.bib}
\setbeamercovered{transparent=25}
%Information to be included in the title page:
\title{Should We Always Aim for Higher Quality?}
\author{Alexander Gebben}
\institute{Center for Business and Economic Analysis, University of Wyoming}
\date{2024}

\begin{document}
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\frame{\titlepage}
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\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Goals}
		Provide a economic perspective of energy markets (global and local). Apply this knowledge to direct nuclear innovation towards research with high economic impact.
\onslide<2>{\begin{enumerate}
		\item{Global energy markets}
		\item{National markets for nuclear power}
		\item{Economically distinct aspects of nuclear markets}
		\item{Unique economic cost considerations}
\end{enumerate}}
\end{frame}
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\section{Economics}
\begin{frame}
	\begin{block}{Economics}
\small``Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.''
\small - Lord Robbins 1932
	\end{block}
	\vspace{0.3in}
	\onslide<2>Nuclear energy is one piece of a broader energy economy, where scarce resources are allocated to there most productive use. 
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
	Consumers do not care where there energy comes from. They will purchase the lowest cost energy source.
\end{frame}
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\section{Global Markets}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Competitive global markets}
\only<1-2>{Questions to consider.
\begin{itemize}
		\onslide<1>{\item{If their are two Cokes in a vending machine, one costs \$2 and another costs \$5 which will you purchase?}}
		\onslide<2>{\item{At what price difference would you select the second Coke?} }
\end{itemize}}
\only<3>{If two energy product are identical to the consumers, and there are no costs of shipping prices will converge globally. }
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Energy Markets: Global Market}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Global_Oil.png}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\begin{block}{Competitive Global Market: Innovation Takeaway}
To expand nuclear energy use in a global competitive market, innovation should focus on lowering costs.
\end{block}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Local Energy Markets}
\only<1-2>{Questions to consider.
\begin{itemize}
		\onslide<1>\item{If a Coke costs \$5 at the vending machine, and \$2 five miles away which will you buy?} 
		\onslide<2>\item{At what price difference would you switch your choice?} 
\end{itemize}}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Energy Markets: Local Market}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Local_Natural_Gas.png}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\begin{block}{Locally Constrained Market: Innovation Takeaway}
To expand nuclear energy use in a local market look for a constrained market where nuclear can lower costs regionally.
\end{block}
\vspace{0.3in}
Example: SMR use in isolated cities, or for tar oil extraction. 
\end{frame}
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\section{Inter Market Linkages}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Energy Markets: Shared Market Forces}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Energy_Links.png}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regional Next Day Electricity Market}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Short_Term_Power_Supply_Schedule.png}
\blfootnote{\tiny Amelang and Appunn, The causes and effects of negative power prices (Jan 05 2018): CC BY 4.0}
\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Long Term Electricity Cost}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{Images/NAT_GAS_NUCLEAR_COST.png}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Where Does Nuclear Fit In? Uranium Markets}
\only<1>{ 
\begin{itemize}
	\item{Can be easily shipped across boarders.}
	\item{Can be stored for future use.}
	\item{Volatility in the short run.}
\end{itemize}
}
\only<2>{\centering \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{Images/Price_Plot.jpeg}}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Where Does Nuclear Fit In? Electricity Markets}
\textbf{Regional Markets}
		\begin{itemize}
				\onslide<2->\item{Transportation infrastructure limits exchange}
				\onslide<2->\item{Cost of storage}
				\onslide<2->\item{Electrification}
				\onslide<2->\item{Physical limitations}
		\end{itemize}
		\onslide<3->{\textbf{Global Market}}
		\begin{itemize}
		\onslide<4->\item{Supply side factors}
				\begin{itemize}
				\onslide<4->\item{Alternative energy sources}
				\onslide<4->\item{Cost of equipment}
				\onslide<4->\item{Interest rates}
		\end{itemize}

			\onslide<5->\item{Demand side factors}
		\begin{itemize}
				\onslide<5->\item{Energy efficiency improvements}
				\onslide<5->\item{Global GDP}
		\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
	

\end{frame}

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%\only<1>
%\onslide<1>
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regionally Nuclear Production}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.89\textwidth]{Images/evolution-of-nuclear-power-generation-by-region-1972-2026.png}
\blfootnote{\tiny IEA (2024), Evolution of nuclear power generation by region, 1972-2026, IEA, Paris, Licence: CC BY 4.0}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regionally Nuclear Production}
\begin{figure}
   \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Images/IAEA_WORLD_PROD_FORECAST.png}
   \hfill
   \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Images/IAEA_NA_PROD_FORECAST.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regionally Nuclear Production}
\centering
\begin{figure}[!htp]
   \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{Images/Regional_Cost1.png}
   \hfill
   \includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{Images/Regional_Cost2.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}



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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Economic Forecast of Nuclear}
\only<1>{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/EIA_GROWTH.png}}
\only<2>{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/EIA_TECH.png}}
\only<3>{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/EIA_ALL.png}}
\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
	\huge Conclusion
\end{frame}

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\section{Reference} 
\end{document}
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%\begin{frame}
%\frametitle{The Value of Economics for Nuclear Innovation}
%By understanding economics engineers can design systems which are optimized for market signals, rather than technical optimization. Innovations tailored to economic conditions have a higher rate of success. 
%\newline
%\onslide<2->{Economics are not always intuitive. A nuclear project that is profitable on paper, may have negative economic profits.}
%\begin{itemize}
%	\onslide<3->\item{Opportunity costs}
%	\onslide<4->\item{Time value of money}
%	\onslide<5->\item{Sunk costs and risk}
%	\onslide<6->\item{Socially optimal pollution levels}
%\end{itemize}
%\onslide<7->{Other markets affect the profitability of nuclear. The place of nuclear in the entire economic system matters.}
%\end{frame}

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