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Alex 2024-07-02 11:11:49 -06:00
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Beamer/Presentation/In_Situ_Presentation.nav
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Beamer/Presentation/In_Situ_Presentation.tex
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
\setbeamercovered{transparent=25} \setbeamercovered{transparent=25}
%Information to be included in the title page: %Information to be included in the title page:
\title{Should We Always Aim for Higher Quality?} \title{Should We Always Aim for Higher Quality?}
\subtitle{The Impact of the Groundwater Restoration Framework in In-Situ Uranium Recovery in Wyoming} \subtitle{The Impact of the Groundwater Restoration Framework in In Situ Uranium Recovery in Wyoming}
\author{Alexander Gebben} \author{Alexander Gebben}
\institute{Center for Business and Economic Analysis, University of Wyoming} \institute{Center for Business and Economic Analysis, University of Wyoming}
\date{2024} \date{2024}
@ -48,18 +48,24 @@ What is In Situ Mining?
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Boundry.png} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Boundry.png}
\end{frame} \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\huge
\centering
What are the Regulations of In Situ mining?
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\setbeamercovered{transparent}%still covered={\opaqueness<1->{0}},again covered={\opaqueness<1->{10}}} \setbeamercovered{transparent}%still covered={\opaqueness<1->{0}},again covered={\opaqueness<1->{10}}}
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Exemption} \frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Exemption}
\only<1>{\onslide<1>\begin{quote}``Any underground injection, except into a well authorized by rule or except as authorized by permit issued under the UIC program, is prohibited.'' \tiny-- 40 CFR \(\textsection\) 144.11 \only<1>{\onslide<1>\begin{quote}``Any underground injection, except into a well authorized by rule or except as authorized by permit issued under the UIC program, is prohibited.'' \tiny-- 40 CFR \(\textsection\) 144.11
\end{quote}} \end{quote}}
\only<2->{\onslide<2->\textbf{To start a in situ mine the aquifer must be exempt by the EPA}\footnote{\tiny \citep{cheung2014,usepa2015a}} \only<2->{\onslide<2->\textbf{To start an in situ mine the aquifer must be exempt by the EPA}\footnote{\tiny \citep{cheung2014,usepa2015a}}
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\onslide<3->\item{Must not currently serve as a source of drinking water} \onslide<3->\item{Must not currently serve as a source of drinking water}
\onslide<3->\item{Will not serve as a source of drinking water in the future} \onslide<3->\item{Will not serve as a source of drinking water in the future}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\onslide<4->\item{Already highly contaminated (TDS above 10,000 \(\frac{mg}{L}\))} \onslide<4->\item{Already highly contaminated (TDS above 10,000 \(\frac{mg}{L}\))}
\onslide<4->\item{Low population: unlikely to use the groundwater in the foreseeable future.} \onslide<4->\item{Low population: unlikely to use the groundwater in the foreseeable future}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
} }
@ -68,19 +74,19 @@ What is In Situ Mining?
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Restoration} \frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Restoration}
\only<1>{\begin{quote}``The primary goal of a restoration program is to return the water quality within the exploited production zone and any affected aquifers to pre-operational (baseline) water quality conditionsd''\tiny--NRC Licensing Standards \citep{luthiger2003}\end{quote}} \only<1>{\begin{quote}``The primary goal of a restoration program is to return the water quality within the exploited production zone and any affected aquifers to pre-operational (baseline) water quality conditions''\tiny--NRC Licensing Standards \citep{luthiger2003}\end{quote}}
\only<2->{\textbf{Aquifers must be restored to a pre-mining state} \only<2->{\textbf{Aquifers must be restored to a pre-mining state}
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\onslide<2->\item{Show all constituents (uranium, selenium, TDS ect.) are returned to original levels} \onslide<2->\item{Show all constituents (uranium, selenium, TDS ect) are returned to original levels}
\onslide<3->\item{Sample groundwater before starting} \onslide<3->\item{Sample groundwater before starting}
\onslide<4->\item{Sweep the aquifer after completion} \onslide<4->\item{Sweep the aquifer after completion}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\onslide<4->\item{Filter the water and use for irrigation} \onslide<4->\item{Filter the water for irrigation}
\onslide<4->\item{Inject the water into deeper formation} \onslide<4->\item{Inject the water into deeper formations}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\onslide<5->\item{Filter the water that flows in to replace the mined water} \onslide<5->\item{Filter the water that flows into the mine}
\onslide<6->\item{Monitor acidity and constituent in water} \onslide<6->\item{Monitor acidity and constituents in water}
\end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
% \onslide<7->\textbf{Once exempt a aquifer can never be used as a public drinking water source.} % \onslide<7->\textbf{Once exempt a aquifer can never be used as a public drinking water source.}
} }
@ -88,13 +94,9 @@ What is In Situ Mining?
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Economic Consequences} \frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Economic Consequences}
\only<1>{Mines are required to spend more resources to clean aquifers with a low economic value} \onslide<1-2>\textbf{Aquifer Exemption Rule}
\onslide<2-3>\textbf{Aquifer Exemption Rule}
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\onslide<2-3>\item{Removes reservoirs from uranium production} \onslide<2-3>\item{Removes reservoirs from uranium production}
\onslide<2-3>\item{Uranium can only be extracted from low value aquifers}
\onslide<2-3>\item{Removes reservoirs from use as a drinking water source (even after restoration)}
\onslide<2-3>\item{Does not consider opportunity costs} \onslide<2-3>\item{Does not consider opportunity costs}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\onslide<3>\item{Is the aquifer best used as a mine or for drinking water?} \onslide<3>\item{Is the aquifer best used as a mine or for drinking water?}
@ -117,9 +119,9 @@ Are current restoration rules efficient?
\end{frame} \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}
\frametitle{In Situ Operations Externalities} \frametitle{Are there In Situ Externalities?}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item{\footnotesize If a mine is \emph{not restored}, pollutants move \(\approx\) 500 feet in 100 years.} \item{\footnotesize If a mine is \emph{not restored}, pollutants move \(\approx\) 500 feet in 100 years}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\begin{columns} \begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth} \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
@ -146,14 +148,14 @@ Are current restoration rules efficient?
} }
\only<2>{ \only<2>{
Uranium resources are typically in rural parts of the State. Uranium resources are typically in rural parts of the State.
Low land prices in these areas suggest mining is the highest values use.
\centering \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Images/Price_Histogram.png}} \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Images/Price_Histogram.png}}
\only<3-4>{ \only<3-4>{
\textbf{Results} \textbf{Results}
\newline
\onslide<3>{Operating plans of five mines were reviewed. \onslide<3>{Operating plans of five mines were reviewed.
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item{Adds \$4.3 dollar's per pound produced.} \item{Adds \$4.3 dollars per pound produced.}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item{Cost vary by geology. \$1.6-\$10.84 per pound} \item{Cost vary by geology. \$1.6-\$10.84 per pound}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
@ -178,16 +180,15 @@ Even under the strongest assumptions it is not plausible that the restoration co
Hedonic models predict land value changes between 0.3\% and 15\% of total value\footnote{\tiny\citep{guignet2015,mukherjee2014}}. Hedonic models predict land value changes between 0.3\% and 15\% of total value\footnote{\tiny\citep{guignet2015,mukherjee2014}}.
} }
\only<6>{ %\only<6>{
Other factors suggest the actual cost is nearly zero. % Other factors suggest the actual cost is nearly zero.
\begin{itemize} % \begin{itemize}
\item{Most mines are on ranches, not farms or urban areas} % \item{Most mines are on ranches, not farms or urban areas}
\item{High groundwater quality provides alternative sources} % \item{High groundwater quality provides alternative sources}
\item{Water is restored naturally over time} % \item{Water is restored naturally over time}
\item{Home filtration may be more cost effective} % \item{Home filtration may be more cost effective}
\end{itemize} % \end{itemize}
%}
}
\end{frame} \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@ -246,6 +247,7 @@ Where \emph{D} is the decline rate of the well, and r is the instantaneous priva
\item{As \(r C_{Res}\) increases wells are operated longer to avoid retirements costs.} \item{As \(r C_{Res}\) increases wells are operated longer to avoid retirements costs.}
\item{If \(r C_{Res}> C_{op}\) the well is never shut down.} \item{If \(r C_{Res}> C_{op}\) the well is never shut down.}
\item{Unintended consequence of increasing well operating time.} \item{Unintended consequence of increasing well operating time.}
\item{1.3 years longer Production}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\end{frame} \end{frame}
@ -284,8 +286,13 @@ Where \emph{D} is the decline rate of the well, and r is the instantaneous priva
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}
\frametitle{Price Shock Over Time} \frametitle{Price Shock Over Time}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Price_Shock.jpeg} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Price_Shock.jpeg}
\onslide<2>{A 0.66 elasticity translates to a 3.1\% reduction in uranium production, if the regulation add \$4.3 dollars per poind of uranium. } \onslide<2>{A 0.66 elasticity translates to a 3.1\% reduction in uranium production, if the regulation add \$4.3 dollars per pound of uranium. }
\end{frame} \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\huge Conclusion
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Reference} \section{Reference}
\begin{frame} \begin{frame}