\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[style=apa,natbib=true]{biblatex}
\bibliography{Supporting/Beamer.bib}
\setbeamercovered{transparent=25}
%Information to be included in the title page:
\title{Should We Always Aim for Higher Quality?}
\subtitle{The Impact of the Groundwater Restoration Framework in In-Situ Uranium Recovery in Wyoming}
\author{Alexander Gebben}
\institute{Center for Business and Economic Analysis, University of Wyoming}
\date{2024}

\begin{document}
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\frame{\titlepage}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Ranger Open Pit Uranium Mine, Australia}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Ranger_Uranium_Mine_01.jpg}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Smith Ranch-Highland ISL Uranium Mine, Wyoming}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Smith-Ranch-Highland.jpg}\footnote{\tiny Image used with permission from Cameco Corporation}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{In Situ Operation}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Process_Facility.png}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Uranium Extraction Wells}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Recovery_Well.png}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{In Situ Site Boundaries}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Boundry.png}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Do In Situ Operations Create Externalities?}
\begin{itemize}
	\item{\footnotesize If a mine is \emph{not restored}, pollutants move \(\approx\) 500 feet in 100 years.}
\end{itemize}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Pollution1.png}
	\caption{\footnotesize Intial TDS (\(\frac{650 mg}{L}\))}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.478\textwidth}
\begin{figure}[ht]
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Images/Pollution2.png}
	\caption{\footnotesize 100 Years later:TDS \(\frac{400 mg}{L}\)}
\end{figure}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
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\setbeamercovered{transparent}%still covered={\opaqueness<1->{0}},again covered={\opaqueness<1->{10}}}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Exemption}
\only<1>{\onslide<1>\begin{quote}``Any underground injection, except into a well authorized by rule or except as authorized by permit issued under the UIC program, is prohibited.'' \tiny-- 40 CFR \(\textsection\) 144.11
	\end{quote}}
	\only<2->{\onslide<2->\textbf{To start a in situ mine the aquifer must be exempt by the EPA}\footnote{\tiny \citep{cheung2014,usepa2015a}}
		\begin{enumerate}
				\onslide<3->\item{Must not currently serve as a source of drinking water}
				\onslide<3->\item{Will not serve as a source of drinking water in the future}
				\begin{itemize}
				\onslide<4->\item{Already highly contaminated (TDS above 10,000 \(\frac{mg}{L}\))}
				\onslide<4->\item{Low population: unlikely to use the groundwater in the foreseeable future.}
		\end{itemize}
		\end{enumerate}
	}
	
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Aquifer Restoration}
\only<1>{\begin{quote}``The primary goal of a restoration program is to return the water quality within the exploited production zone and any affected aquifers to pre-operational (baseline) water quality conditionsd''\tiny--NRC Licensing Standards \citep{luthiger2003}\end{quote}}

\only<2->{\textbf{Aquifers must be restored to a pre-mining state}
		\begin{enumerate}
			\onslide<2->\item{Show all constituents (uranium, selenium, TDS ect.) are returned to original levels}
			\onslide<3->\item{Sample groundwater before starting}
		\onslide<4->\item{Sweep the aquifer after completion}
				\begin{itemize}
					\onslide<4->\item{Filter the water and use for irrigation}
					\onslide<4->\item{Inject the water into deeper formation}
					\end{itemize}
			\onslide<5->\item{Filter the water that flows in to replace the mined water}
			\onslide<6->\item{Monitor acidity and constituent in water}
			\end{enumerate}
		%	\onslide<7->\textbf{Once exempt a aquifer can never be used as a public drinking water source.}
		}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Regulation of In Situ Mines: Economic Consequences}
\only<1>{Mines are required to spend more resources to clean aquifers with a low economic value}

\onslide<2-3>\textbf{Aquifer Exemption Rule}
		\begin{enumerate}
			\onslide<2-3>\item{Removes reservoirs from uranium production}
			\onslide<2-3>\item{Uranium can only be extracted from low value aquifers}
			\onslide<2-3>\item{Removes reservoirs from use as a drinking water source (even after restoration)}
			\onslide<2-3>\item{Does not consider opportunity costs}
				\begin{itemize}
					\onslide<3>\item{Is the aquifer best used as a mine or for drinking water?}
					\onslide<3>\item{Are there substitute sources of drinking water?}
					\onslide<3>\item{What is the expected value of the groundwater?}
				\end{itemize}
		\end{enumerate}
	
		\onslide<4->\textbf{Aquifer Restoration Rules}
		\begin{enumerate}
			\onslide<4->\item{Resources must be spent to restore aquifers not used for drinking water}
			\onslide<4->\item{Does not consider trade offs}
			\begin{itemize}
			\onslide<4->\item{Marginal abatement costs higher than marginal benefits }
	\end{itemize}
		\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
